'Serious blow' for the touring side as Atkinson goes off with a hamstring injury.
The English seamer further complicated the injury concerns plaguing England when he left the ground on the second morning of the Boxing Day Test in the Ashes series.
Atkinson felt a problem in his left leg immediately following a delivery in his spell at the MCG.
Team management reported Atkinson reported "discomfort" and required time off the field for further assessment "during the day".
The final Test of the series in Sydney gets underway at the end of the week.
England have already lost key quicks Mark Wood due to knee trouble and another paceman with an abdominal strain on this Ashes tour.
Matthew Fisher was brought into the squad to provide backup.
Atkinson struggled during the first two matches, claiming a mere a handful of scalps.
He was dropped for the Adelaide match, before being recalled for the fourth Test in the playing XI.
Surrey's Atkinson performed better in the fourth Test, bagging two scalps during the host's first knock, before adding 28 as a batsman as one of just three England players to reach double figures.
Following a brief spell at the end of day one, he came back on Saturday morning and removed Scott Boland edging to the keeper.
Unfortunately, at the end of that over, he bowled a change of pace to the batsman and suddenly grabbed his left hamstring.
Gus Atkinson was brought back for the Melbourne match having missed the Adelaide game.
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